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1 tanning milk
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > tanning milk
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2 tanning milk
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3 tanning milk
Техника: тонизирующее молочко -
4 milk
1) молоко2) молочко ( косметическое)•-
cleansing milk
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face milk
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lime milk
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litmus milk
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moisturizing milk
- skin protection milk -
sunscreen milk
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tanning milk -
5 тонизирующее молочко
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > тонизирующее молочко
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6 тонизирующее молочко
Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > тонизирующее молочко
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7 vat
1) бак
2) барка
3) чан
4) чановый
5) ванна
6) кристаллизатор
7) кювета
8) куб
9) кубовый
– bleaching vat
– coloring vat
– cooling vat
– dye vat
– dyeing vat
– fermentation vat
– filter vat
– holding vat
– mash vat
– soaking vat
– stamp vat
– steaming vat
– tanning vat
– vat dye
– vat residue
– washing vat
– wine vat
– yeast-growing vat
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8 vat
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9 extract
1. n экстракт; вытяжка2. n выдержка, цитата, извлечение3. n выписка4. n юр. засвидетельствованная выписка5. v извлекать, вытаскивать, вытягивать6. v выжимать7. v выпаривать; получать экстракт; экстрагировать8. v получить с трудом, добыть9. v выбирать; делать выпискиto extract examples from … — подбирать примеры из …
10. v извлекать, получать11. v горн. добывать12. v мат. извлекать кореньСинонимический ряд:1. abstract (noun) abstract; citation; clipping; excerpt; quotation; selection2. distillate (noun) decoction; distillate; distillation; essence; infusion; solution3. deduce (verb) deduce; divine; obtain; understand4. distill (verb) derive; distil; distill; press out; withdraw5. draw out (verb) draw forth; draw out; exact; extirpate; extricate; get; pry out; pull out; remove; wrest; wring6. educe (verb) bleed; educe; elicit; evince; evoke; extort; milk7. evulse (verb) evulse; pluck; pull; tear; tweeze; yank8. excerpt (verb) excerpt9. gather (verb) cull; garner; gather; glean; pick upАнтонимический ряд:inject; insert; instil; interject; intervene; introduce -
10 Mouriés, Hippolyte Mège
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 24 October 1817 Draguignan, Franced. 1880 France[br]French inventor of margarine.[br]The son of a schoolmaster. Mouriés became a chemist's assistant in his home town at the age of 16. He then spent a period of training in Aix-enProvence, and in 1838 he moved to Paris, where he became Assistant to the Resident Pharmacist at the Hotel Dieu Hospital. He stayed there until 1846 but never sat his final exams. His main success during this period was with the drug Copahin, which was used against syphilis; he invented an oral formulation of the drug by treating it with nitric acid. In the 1840s he took out various patents relating to tanning and to sugar extraction, and in the 1850s he turned his attention to food research. He developed a health chocolate with his calcium phosphate protein, and also developed a method that made it possible to gain 14 per cent more white bread from a given quantity of wheat. He lectured on this process in Berlin and Brussels and was awarded two gold medals. After 1862 he concentrated his research on fats. His margarine process was based on the cold saponification of milk in fat emulsions and was patented in both France and Britain in 1869. These experiments were carried out at the Ferme Impériale de La Faisanderie in Vincennes, the personal property of the Emperor, and it is therefore likely that they were State-funded. He sold his knowledge to the Dutch firm Jurgens in 1871, and between 1873 and 1874 he also sold his British, American and Prussian rights. His final patent, in 1875, was for canned meat.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNapoleon III awarded him the Légion d'honneur for his work on wheat and bread.Further ReadingJ.H.van Stuyvenberg (ed.), Margarine: An Economic, Social and Scientific History, 1869–1969 (provides a brief outline of the life of Mouriés in a comprehensive history of his discovery).APBiographical history of technology > Mouriés, Hippolyte Mège
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11 Pasteur, Louis
[br]b. 27 December 1822 Dole, Franced. 28 September 1895 Paris, France[br]French chemist, founder of stereochemistry, developer of microbiology and immunology, and exponent of the germ theory of disease.[br]Sustained by the family tanning business in Dole, near the Swiss border, Pasteur's school career was undistinguished, sufficing to gain him entry into the teacher-training college in Paris, the Ecole Normale, There the chemical lectures by the great organic chemist J.B.A.Dumas (1800–84) fired Pasteur's enthusiasm for chemistry which never left him. Pasteur's first research, carried out at the Ecole, was into tartaric acid and resulted in the discovery of its two optically active forms resulting from dissymmetrical forms of their molecules. This led to the development of stereochemistry. Next, an interest in alcoholic fermentation, first as Professor of Chemistry at Lille University in 1854 and then back at the Ecole from 1857, led him to deny the possibility of spontaneous generation of animal life. Doubt had previously been cast on this, but it was Pasteur's classic research that finally established that the putrefaction of broth or the fermentation of sugar could not occur spontaneously in sterile conditions, and could only be caused by airborne micro-organisms. As a result, he introduced pasteurization or brief, moderate heating to kill pathogens in milk, wine and other foods. The suppuration of wounds was regarded as a similar process, leading Lister to apply Pasteur's principles to revolutionize surgery. In 1860, Pasteur himself decided to turn to medical research. His first study again had important industrial implications, for the silk industry was badly affected by diseases of the silkworm. After prolonged and careful investigation, Pasteur found ways of dealing with the two main infections. In 1868, however, he had a stroke, which prevented him from active carrying out experimentation and restricted him to directing research, which actually was more congenial to him. Success with disease in larger animals came slowly. In 1879 he observed that a chicken treated with a weakened culture of chicken-cholera bacillus would not develop symptoms of the disease when treated with an active culture. He compared this result with Jenner's vaccination against smallpox and decided to search for a vaccine against the cattle disease anthrax. In May 1881 he staged a demonstration which clearly showed the success of his new vaccine. Pasteur's next success, finding a vaccine which could protect against and treat rabies, made him world famous, especially after a person was cured in 1885. In recognition of his work, the Pasteur Institute was set up in Paris by public subscription and opened in 1888. Pasteur's genius transcended the boundaries between science, medicine and technology, and his achievements have had significant consequences for all three fields.[br]BibliographyPasteur published over 500 books, monographs and scientific papers, reproduced in the magnificent Oeuvres de Pasteur, 1922–39, ed. Pasteur Vallery-Radot, 7 vols, Paris.Further ReadingP.Vallery-Radot, 1900, La vie de Louis Pasteur, Paris: Hachette; 1958, Louis Pasteur. A Great Life in Brief, English trans., New York (the standard biography).E.Duclaux, 1896, Pasteur: Histoire d ' un esprit, Paris; 1920, English trans., Philadelphia (perceptive on the development of Pasteur's thought in relation to contemporary science).R.Dobos, 1950, Louis Pasteur, Free Lance of Science, Boston, Mass.; 1955, French trans.LRD
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